УДК 528.8.04:551.3

Kuzin A.A.

About using Aerospace methods in the research of exogenous processes

The Mordovia State University of N.P.Ogaryov

Now aerospace pictures are one of the most reliable sources of the information about the state of the earth's surface. Compared with other methods the advantages of such materials in the study of locality are unlimited visibility, possibility of obtaining the information about arduous territories in different scales with specified frequency, relative reducing the cost of obtaining the initial information.

The satellite images of Earth's surface received from systems of remote sounding (GeoEye, QuickBird and their analogues), have rather high spatial resolution that will allow to identify places of formation landslides, taluses, erosion, locations of saline soils and other phenomenon, and use such spatial information for  the creation of Information Base Mapping. The analysis of materials of multitemporal periodic surveys gives chance to track dynamics of slowly developing processes and predict their further development.

The use of software and hardware tools for photogrammetric and thematic data processing of remote sounding allows to solve a number of problems: digitizing of objects, construction and analysis of terrain, creation maps of slopes, interpretation of exogenous processes etc.

The interpretation in this case is carried out on materials of the Remote Sensing made in stereo mode or by the aerial views. In the study of processes occurring on the Earth's surface, satellite images are used as their reception possesses efficiency and simplicity compared with aerial survey. The cost of digital satellite images decreases constantly and in the near future it can approach to the cost of digital aerial views. In this regard the increasing attention is paid to processing of satellite imagery. Space images get the special importance in obtaining information about the display of  the exogenous processes on rather big territories, when traditional methods (profiling, topographical shooting, etc.) are not always acceptable. The application of materials of aerial photography in a complex with space images makes possible the detection of separate minor forms of display many exogenous processes.

The obtaining of digital elevation model (DEM) which is necessary to solve many problems in the study of natural man-made and natural processes can be achieved by different ways:

− digitization of contour lines on topographical maps of the relevant territory;

− the application of orthophotos which are obtained as a result of space survey (shooting in stereo mode).

The last method is more expedient because there is no topographical plan of appropriate scale for each territory, it can be performed in a different coordinate system and its acquisition and digitizing will demand additional costs.

The remote sensing data which are applied in researches should be tied to the locality. In this connection there is a necessity of carrying out field works. And now the most effective production technologies are the Satellite Geodetic System and the system of Electronic Tacheometers. Besides, the field inspection of the study area gives the chance to draw more situation on the decoding scheme of  exogenous processes.

So the  application of aerospace methods and modern data processing tools for studying the adverse geological events will allow:

− to raise productivity of works;

− to lower labor costs;

− to systematize the information;

− to obtain operative data about the state of the earth's surface;

− to form spatial representation about the distribution of exogenous processes;

− to carry out the prediction of their further development for the timely application measures to neutralize the negative consequences.